Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia dalam Merespons Tantangan Perubahan Iklim Global: Analisis Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah dan Difusi Inovasi

Abstract

This paper aims to analyze the fatwa issued by the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) Number 86 of 2023 concerning the Law on Global Climate Change Control through the perspective of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, and evaluate the process of innovation diffusion. The analysis is conducted using the conceptual framework of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah to assess the objectives of sharia contained in the fatwa, and the theory of innovation diffusion to understand the characteristics of innovation, communication channels, and its adoption in society. This paper is a qualitative research with document analysis of the fatwa text, sharia arguments, and related literature. The results show that the MUI fatwa places the issue of climate change at a fundamental level (al-ḍarūriyyāh) due to the need to protect life, descendants, property, intellect, and religion. The determination of the obligation to protect the environment and the prohibition of its destruction is in line with the principle of “dar’ al-mafāsid muqaddam ‘alá jalb al-maṣāliḥ” and is supported by theological legitimacy and is compatible with national environmental policy. From an innovation diffusion perspective, this fatwa has relative advantages, visible results, and high compatibility with ulama, Islamic community organizations, and educational institutions as the primary drivers. This paper reveals that the fatwa is a normative innovation that combines Islamic legal foundations and social strategies to encourage ecological behavior. The research’s main argument asserts that its effectiveness depends on the internalization of maqāṣid values, policy support, and consistent enforcement mechanisms. This study recommends strengthening interdisciplinary research that integrates maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah with socio-ecological theories, as well as the need for longitudinal evaluations of the fatwa’s adoption across different segments of society. Practically, the implementation of this fatwa can be reinforced through consistent public policies, the integration of environmental issues into Islamic education curricula, the application of sustainable business principles by the private sector, and community movements grounded in ecotheology. Thus, the MUI fatwa serves not only as a normative instrument but also as an effective operational strategy for mainstreaming ecological behavior in Indonesia.